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Accounting for Intangible Assets

08 Mar 2012 / 0 Comments

Steve Collings looks at the fundamental principles in accounting for goodwill and intangible assets and also looks at some fundamental differences between current UK GAAP, IFRS and the proposed IFRS for SMEs.As accountants we are all aware that an intangible asset does not have any physical form

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Published On:Wednesday, 14 December 2011
Posted by Muhammad Atif Saeed

Second-Degree Equations and Inequalities

Second-degree equations involve at least one variable that is squared, or raised to a power of two. One of the most well-known second-degree equations is the quadratic where a, b, and c are constants and a is not equal 0. Second-degree equations have two possible solutions: and
The graph of a second-degree equation produces a parabola. The solutions to the equation represent where the parabola crosses the x-axis. The general form of second-degree inequalities is . Solving inequalities involves finding all possible values of the variable that will make the inequality true. 
QUADRATIC IS ANOTHER NAME for a polynomial of the 2nd degree.  2 is the highest exponent.
Two, real or complex.
A 
parabola
We begin with the method of factoring.  In the following Topic, we will present Completing the square and The quadratic formula.  
The y-intercept is the constant term, −3.
In every polynomial the y-intercept is the constant term, because the constant term is the value of y when x = 0.
At a double root, the graph does not cross the x-axis. It just touches it.
A double 
root
A double root occurs when the quadratic is a perfect square trinomial:  x² ±2ax + a²; that is, when the quadratic is the square of a binomial:  (x ± a)².
Example 3.   How many real roots, i.e. roots that are real numbers, has the quadratic of each graph?
 Answer.   Graph a) has two real roots.  It has two x-intercepts.
Graph b) has no real roots.  It has no x-intercepts.  Both roots are complex.
Graph c) has two real roots.  But they are a double root.
a)  3, 4   (x − 3)(x − 4)
b)  −3, −4   (x + 3)(x + 4)
c)  −r, s   (x + r)(xs)
d)  3 + , 3 −    (x − 3 − )(x −3 + )
r + s  =  b,
 
rs  =  c.
  (xr)(xs)  =  x² − rxsx + rs
 
   =  x² − (r + s)x + rs.
The quadratic therefore is  x² − 4x + 1.
Example 7.   Construct the quadratic whose roots are 2 + 3i,  2 − 3i, where i is the complex unit.
 Solution.   The sum of the roots is 4.   The product again is the Difference of Two Squares:  4 − 9i² = 4 + 9 = 13.
The quadratic with those roots is  x² − 4x + 13.
Problem 5.   Construct the quadratic whose roots are −3, 4.
The sum of the roots is 1.  Their product is −12.  Therefore, the quadratic is  x² − x − 12.
Problem 6.   Construct the quadratic whose roots are  3 + , 3 − .
The sum of the roots is 6.  Their product is 9 − 3 = 6.
Therefore, the quadratic is  x² − 6x + 6.
Problem 7.   Construct the quadratic whose roots are  2 + i,  2 − i.
The sum of the roots is 4.  Their product is 4 − (i)² = 4 + 5 = 9.
Therefore, the quadratic is  x² − 4x + 9.
*
More generally, for any coefficient of x², that is, if the quadratic is
ax² + bx + c,
and the roots are r and s, then
r + s  =   −  b
a
,
rs  =  c
a
.
When a = 1, we have the theorem above.

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Posted by Muhammad Atif Saeed on 07:33. Filed under , . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0. Feel free to leave a response

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I am doing ACMA from Institute of Cost and Management Accountants Pakistan (Islamabad). Computer and Accounting are my favorite subjects contact Information: +923347787272 atifsaeedicmap@gmail.com atifsaeed_icmap@hotmail.com
  1. Accounting for Intangible Assets
  2. Fair Value Measurement of Financial Liabilities
  3. The Concept of Going Concern
  4. The Capital Asset Pricing Model
  5. Bond Valuation
  6. Asset Management Market Efficiency Asset Management Market Efficiency
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